Old MSO Assessment

D

darren7455

Longterm Registered User
Here is an old MSO multiple choice assessment that might be of use to someone entering the industry, or maybe the odd TL who wants to use it for his team...?

MSO Assessment # 3
Pass Mark 80% or 20 Correct Answers From 25 Questions

1. What is the main danger (from liability and legal perspectives) when utilising flares during EOF?
A: If your flare strikes a suspect vessel / craft you may be contravening the Geneva convention and / or ICoC code of conduct by utilising an improvised weapon.
B: In the event of military intervention - and subsequent detention of the potential pirates - they may have a genuine legal case and defence to state that they were simply fishing and continued their approach as they believe the discharge of flares from your vessel indicated that it was in distress and requesting assistance on the open seas. In addition, other merchant vessels may believe your vessel requires assistance.
C: The use of flares contravenes the current BMP advice and may invoke IMO intervention and legal action.
2. When constructing improvised ballistic protection in the form of a ‘round trap' or separator, identify the correct sequence of construction from the options below:
A: Steel plate outwards facing threat and triple line of sandbags on the inner or friendly side.
B: Triple line of sandbags outwards facing threat and steel on the inner or friendly side.
C: Double line of sandbags and bordered by double wooden planks or boards.
3. What is a NATO 9 Line used for?
A: MEDEVAC template for both civilian and military personnel.
B: 9 Line NATO report (Skiff identification) of suspicious approach.
C: Request for NATO air support in the form of observation only.
4. Surveillance capability , fire support, life support, increased range / transport and concealment are all potential characteristics of a…
A: Formation of 5 or more skiffs – all fitted with long range fuel tanks in the form of converted oil drums.
B: Mothership that forms the central supporting hub of a PAG.
C: Formation of 3 or more skiffs with at least one whaler.
5. Identify which statement is true.
A: Water hoses are generally a more effective deterrent when configured in herring bone formation.
B: Razor wire is most effective when concentrated as close to the bridge as possible.
C: You cannot send your lat / long GPS coordinates via a Thuraya as an SMS.
6. Massive blood loss causes which type of shock?
A: Neurological
B: Cardiogenic
C: Hypovolaemic
7. Identify the correct statement.
A: The team medic should be ANYONE but the TL.
B: The TL should always be trained as the team medic.
C: Anyone can be nominated as the team medic as long as they have completed the relevant STCW modules.
8. When your TL formulates a team watch routine he will also aim to incorporate watches that maximise the:
A: Circadian rhythm.
B: Ability of the team to respond to post sunset attacks.
C: Biorhythm.
9. PID is related to:
A: Post incident de-confliction
B: EOF/RUF
C: BMP 4
10. Identify the true statement:
A: The Somali Marines are a recognised pirate group.
B: The Somali Sea Rangers are a recognised pirate group.
C: The Somalia Oceanic Defence Association are a recognised pirate group.
11. Identify the false statement:
A: The RPG standard projectile has a self destruct fuse.
B: Due to the size of the stabilising fins, a standard RPG projectile will actually curve INTO the wind
C: A standard RPG projectile will only arm at distances of 75 metres.
12. A duress code might be used to:
A: Inform friendly forces that you are being held hostage without the knowledge of your captors.
B: Initiate defensive fire without the use of any radio traffic.
C: Gain entry into the Citadel in the event of an attack.
13. Your PPE (body armour and helmet) is generally graded according to levels of protection issued by:
A: The US National Institute of Justice
B: British Standards Organisation and SIA.
C: CE or European Safety Standards Association.
14. Religious, political, ecological and financial are all examples of:
A: The main principles of the EU Naval mission in the GOA.
B: The EU mission and funding project to Somalia – land based intervention only.
C: The motivational factors behind piracy.
15. When judging distance at sea, it is quite generally accepted that you will:
A: Underestimate the distance.
B: Only be able to accurately assess the distance with optical adjuncts.
C: You will overestimate the distance – typically by a factor of 50%.
16. Primary, secondary and tertiary are all examples of:
A: The characteristics of an explosion and the subsequent injury brackets / mechanisms of injury
B: Search patterns utilised by military air assets; typically rotary aircraft.
C: Obstacle emplacement
17. Which description best fits the profile of an RPK?
A: A light machine gun (LMG) that can accept a cylindrical drum, standard AK-47 and extended 40 round magazine.
B: A belt fed section machine gun that is fed via a non-disintegrating box magazine.
C: A second generation anti-tank weapon that supersedes the earlier RPG system.
18. Quik Clot is a:
A: A haemostatic granulated agent.
B: A highly absorbent multi-mesh dressing.
C: A self-applied combat tourniquet.

19. If your watch position was approximately 20 metres above the mean average sea level, how far would the horizon be?
A: 20K.
B: 33K.
C:16K.
20. Using the WMO sea state formula, a sea state presenting with a wave height of 2.5 – 4 meters and rough characteristics would equate to:
A: Sea state 5.
B: Sea state 4.
C: Sea state 3.
21. Your vessel is making 13 knots and being approached from the opposite heading by a skiff making 15 knots, what is the combined speed of approach?
A: 28 knots
B: 56 knots
C: 12 knots
22. When calculating adequate rations for use in the citadel, what calorific rate do we use?
A: Harley’s calorific formula.
B: Basal rate.
C: Kilojoules’ PH rate.
23. When utilising night vision, which statement is true?
A: NV equipment must be exposed to the external environment – in order to reach temperate acclimatisation and prevent the lenses ‘misting up’ – prior to darkness, i.e. 1 hour before…
B: NV equipment must only be removed from the bridge upon nightfall to prevent the device overheating.
C: NV equipment must be kept centrally on the bridge and only removed when regular scans of the horizon are required as the AC environment prolongs battery life.
24. Kevlar Ballistic Helmets; identify the correct statement?
A: Should be kept away from oils, adhesives and lubricants as contact with them will severely impede the protective qualities of the material.
B: Are impervious to contact with oils and lubricants.
C: Are all classed as being able to provide protection to NIJ Level 4B unless otherwise indicated.
25. According to current BMP advice, the ships’ AIS should utilised as follows during HRA passage?
A: Turned on for duration of passage.
B: Only activated when requested to do so by any radio contact by military assets / vessels.
C: Turned on and off on alternative cycles of every 25 nautical miles.
 
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I didn't mean a dig at you, just the content, who writes these things? Clearly someone who's never done a transit because this is the best example of turd polishing ever.

Like question one... which colour? Or question 3 which is laughable since rescue would be DAYS away.

With an exam like this, training providers really have convinced the industry that being a guard on a ship is complicated.
 
OK fair one, but bear in mind this is an old test paper for NEW MSO's i.e. new to the commercial security world or tranferring from the CP world.

As for the questions, well surprisingly on Q1: This has already been raised at several piracy seminars this year, and I also know of one case where the defence barrister was looking into using it (regardless of colour) with a view to proving unlawful discharge of firearms.

On Q2: I personally know of 4 MEDEVAC's of civilian security personnel - one by HELO and the other 3 were STS via launch. All 4 were casualties rendered with medical aid the same day, the longest being just under 8 hours from intial request. 3 were trauma related and the other was a pre-existing medical condition where the guy in question really shouldn't have been at sea.

They may seem irrelevent if you know your stuff, but knowing how an RPG will behave when it is fired from a skiff pacing your vessel is worth its weight in gold. Certainly worth knowing when a fair amount of Masters are from the former Eatern Bloc companies and WILL know such weapon characteristics. I'd say it's a fair assumption that when a client pays for an embarked armed team, they should know their trade.


Falklan said:
I didn't mean a dig at you, just the content, who writes these things? Clearly someone who's never done a transit because this is the best example of turd polishing ever.

Like question one... which colour? Or question 3 which is laughable since rescue would be DAYS away.

With an exam like this, training providers really have convinced the industry that being a guard on a ship is complicated.
Click to expand...
 
There's that argument that firing a flare, a certain colour, compels other vessels to come close as a legal requirement for a vessel in distress.

so one could say that the skiff was legally obliged to come close to a ship showing mayday with the right flare.

Anyway, boring topic. Just funny that theres so much detail put into such a menial job
 
Have to agree what a waste of an exam!!!, please do tell which company has set this out as a syllabus !!!, you need to worry more about your job and actually being able to do you job instead of this crap!!!!
 
I cannot name company - not my bag to get into naming companies on an open forum - as for being "crap" tells me all I need to know about how and why this industry went down the pan and ended up flooded with TCN's or anything else with a pulse…

A few salient points for your consideration:

1. It is an OLD assessment.
2. It is an assessment for newbie’s, not personnel already @ sea; there is a clear difference between an exam and an assessment – although I’m sure you’re competent enough to carry out your own TNA and work out when an exam or assessment would be relevant.
3. You also refer to it as a “syllabus†PLEASE tell me this was an error and that you really can differentiate between (A) Assessment (B) Exam (C) Syllabus
4. If you are one of the many that feels concerned about job security and the ability to complete the job at hand how can you react in such a way – slightly incongruent surely?

It’s amazing how some people react to anything educational and there are often several reasons and motives behind such responses....

Perhaps if personnel were better trained and educated then we wouldn’t have little “mishaps†like vessels carrying firearms drifting into territorial waters or innocent fisherman being brassed up; not good events for the industry as a whole surely???
 
Darren,

Ok to answer what i would say a personal attack on me and my opinion!

1) Old Assessment - Maybe so but unfortunately there are current up to date companies still using stuff like this to asses their consultants, when really they should be worried if they can do a simple watch, possibly stay awake, maybe even operate a weapon, and last but not least make it up a ships ladder without taking a break or having to be lifted up by the ships crane with bags and equipment!

2) You say this is for "Newbie's" but if im honest half of most experienced TL's would find it hard to answer theses questions let alone a new lad who is looking to be mentored / guided as for my own appreciation of what i do or have done then this is not an assessment its a test why because if you don't pass it then im sure you wouldn't be offered a position, please do tell as im sure the reason for your post is ever you have done this yourself and that will be a pass or fail!?!?! Also your statement is for a TL who wants to test / assess his team…..would this not be a little late when on task and if one of his team members did fall short what should he do, ask him to stay behind for extra classroom activity!.

3) As for Syllabus…..well possibly im wrong, next time i wish for an english lesson on which word to use i will be sure to look you up mate, I will take that one on the chin - So lets call this an "Induction" to be able to work for said company would that be better for you!?!?!?!

4) I my self am not worried about Job Security as there is plenty of work out there for everyone, anyone who says different im afraid is not pulling there finger out, i personally have found 5 jobs for a total of 8 lads in the last week. Many lads i find who complain about "not enough" work is normally down to the fact the individual is not up to scratch, and not this awesome operator they think they are, "Have a look in my Truth Mirror", again myself on a personal level and its up to yourself if you believe me but since 2005 (my first transit) i have never been out of work unless i have chosen to take time off right up to my last transit 4mths ago!.
My statement is not "slightly incongruent" because it was needed, maybe if companies concerned themselves with lads who could actually do the job instead of these constantly changing goal posts then possibly the maritime industry wouldn't be in the state it is now with MSC continually coming up with new qualifications needed, new level's on the bar for MSO's to aim for, the above test, assessment is not educational in anyway shape or form, its not a lesson! and i have no motives or reasons!?!?!?.

I would also like to say a little about your last paragraph (is that correct or would you like to school me in that as well)…..
When it comes to what the vessel do as in movements i.e. moving into territorial waters then you as a TL, MSO, tea boy have no authority to tell a Capt. / Master what he or she does with that vessel….you can advise but thats it!!!, there are to many Security lads thinking when they go on a vessel its there way or the high way which is incorrect practice and anyone who thinks down these lines then you really do need to get out of the industry, your an adviser, a so called specialist within your industry not a Master!.
As for the innocent brassed up fisherman this was done by military personal (Italians if im not mistaken) sorry for presuming that this is what your on about if its not and your on about individuals not being able to PID then possibly the company that has employed them needs to worry more about putting its lads through an eye test rather then a written assessment.

Please in future Darren7455 read my post before you go on a verbal attach on me and my proffesionalism.

Damian Beveridge
 
Damian, thanks for your feedback and input.

d
damianbevs said:
Darren,

Ok to answer what i would say a personal attack on me and my opinion!

1) Old Assessment - Maybe so but unfortunately there are current up to date companies still using stuff like this to asses their consultants, when really they should be worried if they can do a simple watch, possibly stay awake, maybe even operate a weapon, and last but not least make it up a ships ladder without taking a break or having to be lifted up by the ships crane with bags and equipment!

A: 100% agree, there are too many creatures who have (despite an ENG1) to be hoisted up in a basket, maybe the marsec industry should take a leaf out of some of the land based PSC's and include mobility assessment and BMI etc.

2) You say this is for "Newbie's" but if im honest half of most experienced TL's would find it hard to answer theses questions let alone a new lad who is looking to be mentored / guided as for my own appreciation of what i do or have done then this is not an assessment its a test why because if you don't pass it then im sure you wouldn't be offered a position, please do tell as im sure the reason for your post is ever you have done this yourself and that will be a pass or fail!?!?! Also your statement is for a TL who wants to test / assess his team…..would this not be a little late when on task and if one of his team members did fall short what should he do, ask him to stay behind for extra classroom activity!.

A: Assessment by definition in this context "to measure progress and adequate training outcomes" prior to next phase of training etc. Can als be used to assess APL. As for the use by TL's... Well, I think you've hit the nail on the head there - how many times are you put in the position where you've actually had the opportunity to work with the guys before you're thrown onto a launch and head off onto a dry bulk carrier with 2-3 guys you don't really know from Adam? For my own part, I know this is phenomenally common. Maybe some firms use harder assessments in order to demonstrate higher screening standards? Reason I suggested it might be of use to TL's was that at least you'd get a benchmark of knowledge held...

3) As for Syllabus…..well possibly im wrong, next time i wish for an english lesson on which word to use i will be sure to look you up mate, I will take that one on the chin - So lets call this an "Induction" to be able to work for said company would that be better for you!?!?!?!

A: It was from an anti-piracy / SSO+ course module: as in the add on to a standard SSO

4) I my self am not worried about Job Security as there is plenty of work out there for everyone, anyone who says different im afraid is not pulling there finger out, i personally have found 5 jobs for a total of 8 lads in the last week. Many lads i find who complain about "not enough" work is normally down to the fact the individual is not up to scratch, and not this awesome operator they think they are, "Have a look in my Truth Mirror", again myself on a personal level and its up to yourself if you believe me but since 2005 (my first transit) i have never been out of work unless i have chosen to take time off right up to my last transit 4mths ago!.

A: Nice to hear you have got some work on the books and have some good contacts etc

My statement is not "slightly incongruent" because it was needed, maybe if companies concerned themselves with lads who could actually do the job instead of these constantly changing goal posts then possibly the maritime industry wouldn't be in the state it is now with MSC continually coming up with new qualifications needed, new level's on the bar for MSO's to aim for, the above test, assessment is not educational in anyway shape or form, its not a lesson! and i have no motives or reasons!?!?!?.

A: I still feel that there may be mileage in educating operators to such a decent level (with genuine competency) that the self-destructive practice of using virtually unverifiable TCN's - who often struggle meeting the requirments for being able to communicate in the accepted command language - and maybe provide a little more job security. Far too often personnel are hired out (from a sales and marketing perspective) as consultants; surely from the clients' perspective then the consultants they now have on their vessel should genuinely know their own subject matter?

As you well know there are permits, regs and all manner of things from hot and cold permits issued for the maintenence of the ship right through to COLREGS etc. Unfortunately we (as an industry) managed to get personnel on board with NO recognised training qualification. We managed to get away with it for a few years, but demonstrating competency in a court of law - post incident - and stating he's "clue'd up" or "experienced" won't, as you well know be enough.

Cheers

Darren

I would also like to say a little about your last paragraph (is that correct or would you like to school me in that as well)…..
When it comes to what the vessel do as in movements i.e. moving into territorial waters then you as a TL, MSO, tea boy have no authority to tell a Capt. / Master what he or she does with that vessel….you can advise but thats it!!!, there are to many Security lads thinking when they go on a vessel its there way or the high way which is incorrect practice and anyone who thinks down these lines then you really do need to get out of the industry, your an adviser, a so called specialist within your industry not a Master!.
As for the innocent brassed up fisherman this was done by military personal (Italians if im not mistaken) sorry for presuming that this is what your on about if its not and your on about individuals not being able to PID then possibly the company that has employed them needs to worry more about putting its lads through an eye test rather then a written assessment.

A: Yep fully aware of the Masters' authority at sea etc. Type of scenario I referred to was based upon (A) Support vessels; floating armouries etc (B) Vessels of certain crew nationality are VERY well known for attempting to skirt or even breach territorial waters just to get a signal on their mobiles so it is of use to know I think...

The reference to the brassing up was not the Enrica Lexie incident (despite the fact they were actually on the vessel under a commercial contract) but the potential for those that are not 100% up to speed to potentially open up in waters such as the BEM strait etc.

Please in future Darren7455 read my post before you go on a verbal attach on me and my proffesionalism.

Damian Beveridge
Click to expand...
 
Mate I'm all for education, I'm even more for experience from the right guys being passed down to the new lads wishing to enter this industry, but let's keep the education relevant to the job spec, let's not have these over qualified individuals that can't shoot and can't identify a threat when most needed from an innocent fishing boats.
 
damianbevs said:
Mate I'm all for education, I'm even more for experience from the right guys being passed down to the new lads wishing to enter this industry, but let's keep the education relevant to the job spec, let's not have these over qualified individuals that can't shoot and can't identify a threat when most needed from an innocent fishing boats.
Click to expand...
.

right on the money....
 
damianbevs said:
Mate I'm all for education, I'm even more for experience from the right guys being passed down to the new lads wishing to enter this industry, but let's keep the education relevant to the job spec, let's not have these over qualified individuals that can't shoot and can't identify a threat when most needed from an innocent fishing boats.
Click to expand...

Yep, over-hyped, over complicated job. Just stand there and shoot the guys with the guns. No guns, no shoot.

Oh and keep the coffee full!
 
darren7455 said:
Here is an old MSO multiple choice assessment that might be of use to someone entering the industry, or maybe the odd TL who wants to use it for his team...?

MSO Assessment # 3
Pass Mark 80% or 20 Correct Answers From 25 Questions

1. What is the main danger (from liability and legal perspectives) when utilising flares during EOF?
A: If your flare strikes a suspect vessel / craft you may be contravening the Geneva convention and / or ICoC code of conduct by utilising an improvised weapon.
B: In the event of military intervention - and subsequent detention of the potential pirates - they may have a genuine legal case and defence to state that they were simply fishing and continued their approach as they believe the discharge of flares from your vessel indicated that it was in distress and requesting assistance on the open seas. In addition, other merchant vessels may believe your vessel requires assistance.
C: The use of flares contravenes the current BMP advice and may invoke IMO intervention and legal action.
2. When constructing improvised ballistic protection in the form of a ‘round trap' or separator, identify the correct sequence of construction from the options below:
A: Steel plate outwards facing threat and triple line of sandbags on the inner or friendly side.
B: Triple line of sandbags outwards facing threat and steel on the inner or friendly side.
C: Double line of sandbags and bordered by double wooden planks or boards.
3. What is a NATO 9 Line used for?
A: MEDEVAC template for both civilian and military personnel.
B: 9 Line NATO report (Skiff identification) of suspicious approach.
C: Request for NATO air support in the form of observation only.
4. Surveillance capability , fire support, life support, increased range / transport and concealment are all potential characteristics of a…
A: Formation of 5 or more skiffs – all fitted with long range fuel tanks in the form of converted oil drums.
B: Mothership that forms the central supporting hub of a PAG.
C: Formation of 3 or more skiffs with at least one whaler.
5. Identify which statement is true.
A: Water hoses are generally a more effective deterrent when configured in herring bone formation.
B: Razor wire is most effective when concentrated as close to the bridge as possible.
C: You cannot send your lat / long GPS coordinates via a Thuraya as an SMS.
6. Massive blood loss causes which type of shock?
A: Neurological
B: Cardiogenic
C: Hypovolaemic
7. Identify the correct statement.
A: The team medic should be ANYONE but the TL.
B: The TL should always be trained as the team medic.
C: Anyone can be nominated as the team medic as long as they have completed the relevant STCW modules.
8. When your TL formulates a team watch routine he will also aim to incorporate watches that maximise the:
A: Circadian rhythm.
B: Ability of the team to respond to post sunset attacks.
C: Biorhythm.
9. PID is related to:
A: Post incident de-confliction
B: EOF/RUF
C: BMP 4
10. Identify the true statement:
A: The Somali Marines are a recognised pirate group.
B: The Somali Sea Rangers are a recognised pirate group.
C: The Somalia Oceanic Defence Association are a recognised pirate group.
11. Identify the false statement:
A: The RPG standard projectile has a self destruct fuse.
B: Due to the size of the stabilising fins, a standard RPG projectile will actually curve INTO the wind
C: A standard RPG projectile will only arm at distances of 75 metres.
12. A duress code might be used to:
A: Inform friendly forces that you are being held hostage without the knowledge of your captors.
B: Initiate defensive fire without the use of any radio traffic.
C: Gain entry into the Citadel in the event of an attack.
13. Your PPE (body armour and helmet) is generally graded according to levels of protection issued by:
A: The US National Institute of Justice
B: British Standards Organisation and SIA.
C: CE or European Safety Standards Association.
14. Religious, political, ecological and financial are all examples of:
A: The main principles of the EU Naval mission in the GOA.
B: The EU mission and funding project to Somalia – land based intervention only.
C: The motivational factors behind piracy.
15. When judging distance at sea, it is quite generally accepted that you will:
A: Underestimate the distance.
B: Only be able to accurately assess the distance with optical adjuncts.
C: You will overestimate the distance – typically by a factor of 50%.
16. Primary, secondary and tertiary are all examples of:
A: The characteristics of an explosion and the subsequent injury brackets / mechanisms of injury
B: Search patterns utilised by military air assets; typically rotary aircraft.
C: Obstacle emplacement
17. Which description best fits the profile of an RPK?
A: A light machine gun (LMG) that can accept a cylindrical drum, standard AK-47 and extended 40 round magazine.
B: A belt fed section machine gun that is fed via a non-disintegrating box magazine.
C: A second generation anti-tank weapon that supersedes the earlier RPG system.
18. Quik Clot is a:
A: A haemostatic granulated agent.
B: A highly absorbent multi-mesh dressing.
C: A self-applied combat tourniquet.

19. If your watch position was approximately 20 metres above the mean average sea level, how far would the horizon be?
A: 20K.
B: 33K.
C:16K.
20. Using the WMO sea state formula, a sea state presenting with a wave height of 2.5 – 4 meters and rough characteristics would equate to:
A: Sea state 5.
B: Sea state 4.
C: Sea state 3.
21. Your vessel is making 13 knots and being approached from the opposite heading by a skiff making 15 knots, what is the combined speed of approach?
A: 28 knots
B: 56 knots
C: 12 knots
22. When calculating adequate rations for use in the citadel, what calorific rate do we use?
A: Harley’s calorific formula.
B: Basal rate.
C: Kilojoules’ PH rate.
23. When utilising night vision, which statement is true?
A: NV equipment must be exposed to the external environment – in order to reach temperate acclimatisation and prevent the lenses ‘misting up’ – prior to darkness, i.e. 1 hour before…
B: NV equipment must only be removed from the bridge upon nightfall to prevent the device overheating.
C: NV equipment must be kept centrally on the bridge and only removed when regular scans of the horizon are required as the AC environment prolongs battery life.
24. Kevlar Ballistic Helmets; identify the correct statement?
A: Should be kept away from oils, adhesives and lubricants as contact with them will severely impede the protective qualities of the material.
B: Are impervious to contact with oils and lubricants.
C: Are all classed as being able to provide protection to NIJ Level 4B unless otherwise indicated.
25. According to current BMP advice, the ships’ AIS should utilised as follows during HRA passage?
A: Turned on for duration of passage.
B: Only activated when requested to do so by any radio contact by military assets / vessels.
C: Turned on and off on alternative cycles of every 25 nautical miles.
Click to expand...











..........................................
 
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Answers and question rationale
1. What is the main danger (from liability and legal perspectives) when utilising flares during EOF?
B: In the event of military intervention - and subsequent detention of the potential pirates - they may have a genuine legal case and defence to state that they were simply fishing and continued their approach as they believe the discharge of flares from your vessel indicated that it was in distress and requesting assistance on the open seas. In addition, other merchant vessels may believe your vessel requires assistance.
QUESTION RATIONALE:
All MSO’s must be conversant with the potential for their actions to be ‘turned against them’ in a court of law. A Somali Pirate – sailing under the ‘flag of convenience’ afforded to him by his claim to be an innocent fisherman will undoubtedly have a Barrister (usually paid for by the UN!) who will seize upon this and claim that his client carried on approaching your vessel as he assumed it was in distress. As Somali fisherman don’t complete any recognised maritime training (certainly not any STCW’95!) or even put to sea in a registered and seaworthy craft there would be a credible legal argument that he / they were treating the situation as one of a vessel in extremis and were subsequently on the receiving end of warning shots – and all because they “thought” your vessel was in distress.
2. When constructing improvised ballistic protection in the form of a ‘round’ trap or separator, identify the correct sequence of construction from the options below:
A: Steel plate outwards facing threat and triple line of sandbags on the inner or friendly side.
QUESTION RATIONALE:
A round trap or separator is designed specifically for FMJ rounds, with the steel literally stripping the round and the sandbags left to absorb the kinetic energy of the softer and more vulnerable lead. This also helps to reduce the likelihood of blistering if the pirates engage from a significant distance and the steel outer is not penetrated.
3. What is a NATO 9 Line used for?
A: MEDEVAC template for both civilian and military personnel.
QUESTION RATIONALE:
If you are in the IRTC, for example, then there is a good possibility of a NATO flagged warship being within range. Even if one is not in conventional surface range it may have rotary aircraft / assets to assist.
4. Surveillance capability , fire support, life support, increased range / transport and concealment are all potential characteristics of a…
B: Mothership that forms the central supporting hub of a PAG.
QUESTION RATIONALE: MSO’s must be conversant with all elements of a PAG and be able to understand the methodology of the mothership, as well as the roles played by individual PAG skiffs i.e. CTR, diversion etc.

5. Identify which statement is true.
A: Water hoses are generally a more effective deterrent when configured in herring bone formation.
QUESTION RATIONALE: If poorly positioned then all the hoses will do is run into nothing short of high powered aerosols. Water direction and power should be maximised with the herring bone formation.
6. Massive blood loss causes which type of shock?
C: Hypovolaemic
QUESTION RATIONALE: Whilst your vessel will generally be well equipped for conventional seaborne trauma / mechanisms of injury and illnesses, the medical training and supplies are not geared up to treat GSW’s etc. ALL security team personnel should be conversant with basic first aid (battlefield specific) due to their previous military training and backgrounds.
7. Identify the correct statement.
A: The team medic should be ANYONE but the TL.
QUESTION RATIONALE: The TL cannot be expected to manage an incident AND render first aid at the same time. Should a TM be injured and the TL has to render aid then effectively you are down to a 50% team with no leader. Ideally a TM (not even 2 i/c) should be the nominated medic.
8. When your TL formulates a team watch routine he will also aim to incorporate watches that maximise the:
A: Circadian rhythm.
QUESTION RATIONALE: Creating a sensible watch pattern and rotation allows for adequate rest periods and reduces unnecessary fatigue, which can lead to an increase in human error and poor attention spans.
9. PID is related to:
B: EOF/RUF
QUESTION RATIONALE: All personnel should be competent upon how and why Positive Identification (ID) is applied. Once a round leaves the muzzle of your rifle you cannot call it back!
10. Identify the true statement:
A: The Somali Marines are a recognised pirate group.
QUESTION RATIONALE: You should be fully conversant with the nature of your opposition and also any specific characteristics (TTP’s) that they are known to utilise. You are being hired as a consultant and it is more tha reasonable of the client to expect you to know who you are actually protecting them from!
11. Identify the false statement:
C: A standard RPG projectile will only arm at distances of 75 metres.
QUESTION RATIONALE: You need to know the range, capabilities and characteristics of the main weapons in the Pirates’ arsenal. If you don’t know what they are how can you (A) Spot recognise them (B) Provide the best defence against them (C) Prioritise fire control
12. A duress code might be used to:
A: Inform friendly forces that you are being held hostage without the knowledge of your captors.
QUESTION RATIONALE: Duress codes are invaluable should the unthinkable happen!
13. Your PPE (body armour and helmet) is generally graded according to levels of protection issued by:
A: The US National Institute of Justice
QUESTION RATIONALE: If you don’t know the different levels how can you be sure that what you are wearing is adequate and for purpose? It will also help with the bridge team, all too often they’ll have either the wrong level or just vests with NO inserts / plates.

14. Religious, political, ecological and financial are all examples of:.
C: The motivational factors behind piracy.
QUESTION RATIONALE: The hierarchy of motivation often leads to different levels of determination and behaviour. Once again, it is only right and correct to be able to know who you are up against and why…
15. When judging distance at sea, it is quite generally accepted that you will:
A: Underestimate the distance.
QUESTION RATIONALE: Allows for correct sight adjustments, aiming off, target indication and amended time distance and sped calculations.
16. Primary, secondary and tertiary are all examples of:
A: The characteristics of an explosion and the subsequent injury brackets / mechanisms of injury
QUESTION RATIONALE: If your vessel is hit by and RPG, then you should be conversant with the mechanisms of injury and the damage it can cause.
17. Which description best fits the profile of an RPK?
A: A light machine gun (LMG) that can accept a cylindrical drum, standard AK-47 and extended 40 round magazine.
QUESTION RATIONALE: You should be able to identify all major weapon profiles.
18. Quik Clot is a:
A: A haemostatic granulated agent.
QUESTION RATIONALE: So called smart dressings and agents are genuine life savers and should be carried. The vast majority are also designed to be self-administered as time is critical and manpower vital…
19. If your watch position was approximately 20 metres above the mean average sea level, how far would the horizon be?
C:16K.
QUESTION RATIONALE: There is no point being positioned on a bridge wing and gooning at the horizon if you don’t have a clue about how far away it is!
20. Using the WMO sea state formula, a sea state presenting with a wave height of 2.5 – 4 meters and rough characteristics would equate to:
A: Sea state 5.
QUESTION RATIONALE: You need to know what states are permissive and also be able to adjust your threat and risk assessment accordingly.
21. Your vessel is making 13 knots and being approached from the opposite heading by a skiff making 15 knots, what is the combined speed of approach?
A: 28 knots
QUESTION RATIONALE: Time, distance and speed calculations are invaluable and you should be capable of providing a best estimate. As the majority of skiffs afloat remain virtually undetectable (save the odd exception) by RADAR, you must be able to provide a rough estimate. You cannot rely solely on RADAR and CPA’s etc.
22. When calculating adequate rations for use in the citadel, what calorific rate do we use?
B: Basal rate.
QUESTION RATIONALE: How can the team advice upon the correct life support for the citadel if nobody can calculate the minimum amount of calorific intake?

23. When utilising night vision, which statement is true?
A: NV equipment must be exposed to the external environment – in order to reach temperate acclimatisation and prevent the lenses ‘misting up’ – prior to darkness, i.e. 1 hour before…
QUESTION RATIONALE: Failure to allow the NV equipment to correctly acclimatise will render it useless for anywhere up to 1-2 hours.
24. Kevlar Ballistic Helmets; identify the correct statement?
A: Should be kept away from oils, adhesives and lubricants as contact with them will severely impede the protective qualities of the material.
QUESTION RATIONALE: You should know how to look after your issued PPE; it might be that you are dependent upon it to save your life one day. NB Never let any helmets into an armoury without a helmet cover as they often have a habit of sticking adhesive tape on them to mark them.
25. According to current BMP advice, the ships’ AIS should utilised as follows during HRA passage?
A: Turned on for duration of passage.
QUESTION RATIONALE: You should know all current BMP advice from cover to cover. Note: Certain underwriters issue hull / war insurance on the understanding that BMP is followed fully – this is in addition to the embarked armed team.
 
Many providing views on this thread have no doubt undertaken transits and over the years the goal posts have moved many times. Most ships binoculars are 7x50 and it is difficult to detect if a whaler or skiff has a ladder or weapons onboard at 1Nm or more and observation is paramount before the use of force can be used i.e. shooting at the engine block ;-} firing a flare is a double edged sword so to speak and sometimes a craft has to be fairly close before this happens to meet the requirements of EoF. Sometimes I ask myself about the people who write this stuff do they have significant experience in the industry and a shit load of transits completed? ( refering to BMP 4 and BIMCO Guardcon. BMP4 can be improved on and I have been waiting for the next thrilling installment BMP5.

I remember working on a French flagged vessel in which the shipping company were unable to secure the French military to protect the vessel and 4 guys were tasked with the mission, but I soon discovered that normally there are 10 French marines who patrol the decks and Bridge wings and BMP4 was not top of their priorities. The vessel was vulnerable and the shipping operator/owner was not willing to make any temporary modifications or strengthen the Citadel for us. My PTR was critical/scathing as I could not comply with BMP4 and perceived I was breaching my Guardcon obligations and responsibilities sec 3 as I had no support from the shipping company, I even recall that the security companies SoP's did not allow discharge of weapons inside the vessel effectively removing the teams inalienable right to self defence, the ironic thing is the French self defence laws are more flexible than UK, as this is the rule of thumb all UK companies work too even on foreign flagged vessels.

Each piracy approach situation is going to differ and there needs to be some flexibility or autonomy for the TL, if the lookouts were to miss a skiff, EoF may be bypassed at the Master's request or because the team fear for their personal safety. There are so many if's, but's and maybe's and its going to take a number of incidents and test cases to define the RuF, at present the EoF and RuF are acceptable and agreed guidelines but not law and different flagged vessels have differing self defence laws.

According to the MCA website a seafarer with sea service before January 2012 and security experience i.e. SSO possible Master and Ch Off is entitled to a Certificate of Competency CoC security operators have to undertake a 2 day course with the sea time and experience. Reading the MCA disclosure the MSO course has been introduced for personnel working on UK flagged vessels as companies outside Uk with no UK flagged vessels are not rushing to ensure their guys have this qualification!!!!!

Stay Safe Guys

P
 
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